Painter and printmaker, notably a landscape watercolourist, born in Edinburgh, where he attended the School of Art, also the Royal Scottish Academy Schools. In the 1890s he moved to London and after that had a number of southern English addresses, especially in the Dorking and Guildford, Surrey, areas. He was at various times a member of RBA, RSW and RWS and was a prolific exhibitor, also with RA, Fine Art Society, Leicester Galleries and elsewhere.