French painter (of landscapes, figure compositions, still-life, and occasional decorative schemes), engraver, illustrator, and designer. He was born in Paris and studied there at the École des *Beaux-Arts, 1902–9, whilst supporting himself by designing jewellery, textiles, and other types of applied art. His earliest paintings included landscapes and scenes of tramps sleeping out of doors. In about 1912 he also experimented with *Cubism and occasionally with *Futurist multiple images, but soon after this he settled into a style of vigorous naturalism akin to that of *Derain. When some of his work was shown at a mixed exhibition at the Carfax Gallery, London, in 1915, Clive *Bell wrote: ‘No living painter is more purely concerned with the creation of form and the emotional significance of shapes and colours than Marchand.