Painter, draughtsman, printmaker and teacher, born in London. He early decided to be an artist, but had to leave school at 14 to work, attending evening classes at the Working Men’s Institute. Joined Royal Academy Schools, 1936–9, winning Gold Medal, Travelling Scholarship and many other scholarships. Rejected chance to study at Royal College of Art, preferring freedom of Royal Academy. From 1940, living in Cambridge, became friendly with Henry Moore, John Lehmann, Arthur Koestler and Wolf Mankowitz. Had solo show at Redfern Gallery, 1945. Jankel Adler introduced him to Robert Colquhoun, Robert McBryde and John Minton. In 1946 began teaching at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, in 1951 moving to Guildford School of Art, in 1972 to Epsom School of Art, retiring in 1982.