Painter, draughtsman, muralist and teacher, born in London, where he continued to work. He studied at Regent Street Polytechnic School of Art, 1931–7, his teachers including Harry Watson and A R Middleton Todd. From 1936–7 did a teacher training course at London University Institute of Education. Taught at Regent Street Polytechnic, 1938–40 and 1946–63, with a break for Army and camouflage service in Middle East and North Africa. From 1963–79 was senior lecturer at Chelsea School of Art, from 1975 onwards teaching at Royal Academy Schools. Was elected RA, 1975, having been elected ROI in 1952 and Hon. ROI in 1974. Also showed with RHA, RBA, NEAC and elsewhere. Among his awards were Roy Miles Award at RA Summer Exhibition, 1978; and Charles Wollaston Award at same venue, 1984.