Art theme: history paintings

History paintings relate important stories and – perhaps confusingly – the category includes religious and mythological stories alongside historical scenes. Often these works contain an important message and the size of the work (its scale) can be significant as a result.

Contextual background for teachers

Whaam! (1963)
Roy Lichtenstein (1923–1997)

Medium: acrylic and oil on canvas
Dimensions: H 172.7 x W 406.4 cm

American artist Roy Lichtenstein was a well-known exponent of the Pop Art movement. The composition (arrangement of forms) is borrowed from a comic book and the hard-edged style, with forms outlined in black, gives it a cartoon-strip appearance.

The title, Whaam!, is onomatopoeic which heightens the impact of the missile launched from the fighter plane on the left at the enemy plane on the right. Lichtenstein had served in the US Army and, at the time of painting this, the Vietnam War was well underway.

How has Lichtenstein represented war here? Does the simplified style, in two-dimensional (flat) blocks of unmodulated primary colour, affect our interpretation?

Look, describe and discuss

Open a full-screen version of the image in a new window.

Ask your students to describe the artwork, encouraging them to simply say what they can see.

Encourage your students to look carefully – this is their superpower! It's best to not give too much background information about the artwork at this stage, so students can develop their own ideas and opinions.

An audio description of the painting is available to listen to during this stage. It is accompanied by a full written transcript which can also be used to describe the painting.

Nudge questions

Now when looking at the painting, ask more specific ('nudge') questions:

  • What do you think is going on here? 
  • What difference does it make to see the battle action up close rather than further away?
  • If this painting could make a sound, what kind of sounds would it make?
  • In terms of its style, what does it remind you of? Why?

Questions from The Superpower of Looking Kit

Now we can start to explore the 'elements' of the painting.

For this artwork, you will focus on:

Ask your students to evidence their points:

  • where exactly are they looking when they make a statement?
  • can everybody see what they see?
  • slow down, take time to really look closely

You may like to introduce knowledge from the contextual background for teachers while asking these bespoke questions with helpful responses which can be found in the teachers' notes.

Everyone learning

You can find out more about The Superpower of Looking SEND/ASD/ALN/ASN approach on the Superpower homepage.

Now it's time to explore the artwork in different ways. This list of sensory activities encourages students to apply their learning and can suit a variety of learning needs.

Make

We suggest creative activities for all learners, including a tactile option to support students with vision impairment: these activities explore the tactile qualities of materials or involve gestural mark-making to further explore the artwork.

  • Create the effect of shadows on a 3D surface using the Ben Day dots typical of Lichtenstein's work. Use three pens of different thicknesses. Make two rows of thick dots, followed by two rows of medium dots, and then two rows of thin dots. There should be an illusion of shade from light to dark. Find out more about this style in this profile of Roy Lichtenstein from Tate Kids.
  • Tactile option: make and fly a paper aeroplane! You may wish to use this guide to support students with vision impairment.

Experience

  • Listen to the audio description of the painting.

 

  • Lichtenstein’s paintings were inspired by printed comic books. These were a sensory experience in themselves, with the smell of the inks and the feel of the paper. If you have access to old comics, your students might like to explore these physical objects! 

Communicate

  • Lichtenstein uses words in the painting to tell a very short story: “I pressed the fire control… and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky… WHAAM!” Encourage students to use the same structure to tell their own story: 1. "I did..." 2. Next, say what happened. 3. End with an exclamation or loud sound (try to use onomatopoeia like Lichtenstein. You can find out more in BBC Bitesize's guide to onomatopoeia.)
  • Learn the Makaton sign for 'aeroplane'.

Final stage: review

Ask your students to:

  • share their sketchbooks in groups and discuss the 'elements' they have identified
  • choose an element/aspect they find most interesting about the artwork and record it in their sketchbooks
  • choose their own name/s for the title of the artwork
  • think of a question they would like to ask the artist

 

Congratulations!

You have now completed this lesson resource on The Superpower of Looking.

There are more resources in this theme to try – have a look at the 'next lessons' section below.


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