Painter and teacher, born in London, where he lived until 1986, then moved to Beddingham, Sussex, those locations supplying his main subjects. He studied at Goldsmiths’ College School of Art, 1946–50, under Clive Gardiner, Kenneth Martin and Paul Drury, then taught at Dunraven School, Streatham, 1952–7, and at Spencer Park School, Wandsworth, 1957–82. Mixed exhibitions included LG, 1952–70; RA Summer Exhibition, 1953–73; Leicester Galleries, 1955; Redfern Gallery, 1956; RBA, 1959–61; New Art Centre, 1961; Tooth, 1977; New Grafton Gallery, 1978; Fieldborne, 1984–5; and Brighton Festival, 1987–9. Later solo exhibitions included Grange Gallery, Rottingdean, 1998, and a 50-year retrospective at Crypt Gallery, Seaford, 2001. Museum of London; Nuffield Foundation; Greater London Council; and Derbyshire, Northumberland, Manchester and Essex Education Committees hold examples.